形容詞子句: 為名詞量身打造的修飾語
掌握 who, which, that 的用法, 讓你的句子更豐富、更精確。
形容詞子句 (Adjective / Relative Clauses)
當我們想表達更詳細的資訊, 例如「住在我隔壁的那個男人」或「我昨天買的那本書」時, 就需要用一個「句子」來當形容詞。這種用來修飾名詞的句子, 就叫做形容詞子句, 也常被稱為關係子句。
核心要素: 關係詞 (Relative Words)
關係詞是引導形容詞子句的靈魂, 分為「關係代名詞」和「關係副詞」。
1. 關係代名詞 (Relative Pronouns)
| 修飾對象 | 主格 | 受格 | 所有格 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 指「人」 | who / that | whom / who / that | whose |
| 指「事物」 | which / that | which / that | whose |
- The woman who works at the bank is my aunt. (主格)
- The man whom you met is my teacher. (受格)
2. 關係副詞 (Relative Adverbs)
| 關係副詞 | 用途 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| where | 地點 | This is the house where I grew up. |
| when | 時間 | I remember the day when we first met. |
| why | 原因 | That is the reason why he was late. |
關係代名詞的省略規則
省略的黃金規則
只有當關係代名詞在形容詞子句中擔任「受格 (Object)」時, 才可以省略。
判斷方法: 看關係代名詞後面的第一個字
- 主格 (不可省略): The man who lives here is a musician. (who 後面是動詞 lives)
- 受格 (可以省略): The man (whom) I met is a musician. (whom 後面是主詞 I)
限定與非限定子句
這是形容詞子句最關鍵的進階觀念, 其區別在於子句提供的資訊是否「必要」, 並直接影響是否要加逗點。
限定子句 (Restrictive)
沒有它, 就不知道是誰/哪個
- 不加逗點
- 可用 that
- 例: The student who won the first prize is from my class.
非限定子句 (Non-Restrictive)
只是補充說明, 先行詞已明確
- 必須加逗點
- 不可用 that
- 例: My father, who is a doctor, works late.
本章總結與練習
小練習
A. 填入最適當的關係詞:
1. This is the park ____________ we often have picnics.
2. The woman ____________ is wearing a hat is a famous actress.
3. She has a son ____________ name is Kevin.
B. 將兩句合併為一句含有形容詞子句的句子:
4. The movie was very scary. We saw it last night. (請用省略關係代名詞的寫法)
5. Steve Jobs founded Apple Inc. He passed away in 2011. (請用非限定子句)
答案: 1. where, 2. who, 3. whose, 4. The movie we saw last night was very scary., 5. Steve Jobs, who founded Apple Inc., passed away in 2011.
互動測驗：形容詞子句挑戰
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