掌握 many, much, some, any 的用法, 讓你的表達從模糊走向精確。
量詞的核心原則
當我們想說的不是「一個蘋果」, 而是「一些蘋果」；不是「水」, 而是「很多水」時, 就必須借助「量詞」(Quantifiers)。量詞是決定名詞數量與份量的關鍵詞語。
語法基石: 由名詞決定量詞
選擇哪個量詞, 其唯一的判斷標準就是它所修飾的名詞是「可數」還是「不可數」。在選用任何量詞前, 請先問自己這個問題。
量詞用法詳解
用於「可數名詞」的量詞
本節量詞專門與複數形式的可數名詞搭配使用。
| 量詞 | 意義 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| many | 很多 | There are many students. |
| a few | 一些 (肯定意味) | I have a few questions. |
| few | 很少 (否定意味) | He has few friends. |
| several | 幾個 | Several people were late. |
| both | 兩者都 | Both of his parents are teachers. |
用於「不可數名詞」的量詞
本節量詞專門與不可數名詞搭配使用。
| 量詞 | 意義 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| much | 很多 (主用於否/疑問句) | I don't have much time. |
| a little | 一些 (肯定意味) | There is a little hope left. |
| little | 很少 (否定意味) | He has little experience. |
通用量詞 (可數與不可數皆可)
本節量詞用法最靈活, 可同時與複數可數名詞及不可數名詞搭配。
| 量詞 | 範例 |
|---|---|
| a lot of / lots of | a lot of books / lots of sugar |
| some (肯定句) | some cookies / some water |
| any (否/疑問句) | Do you have any questions? / I don't need any help. |
| no (= not any) | He has no brothers. / There is no coffee. |
| most | Most students passed. / Most information is useful. |
| all / enough | All the tickets were sold. / Is there enough water? |
用於「單數可數名詞」的限定詞
本節的詞語雖然表達了「多數」的概念, 但語法上要求與單數可數名詞及單數動詞連用。
| 限定詞 | 意義 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| every | 每一個 (指群體中所有成員) | Every student has a textbook. |
| each | 每一個 (更強調個體性) | Each child received a gift. |
| either | 兩者中的任一個 | You can take either road. |
| neither | 兩者都不 (詞語本身帶否定) | Neither answer is correct. |
進階結構: ... of ...
當我們想表達「某個特定群體中的一部分」時, 會使用 量詞 + of + 限定詞 + 名詞 的結構。
主詞動詞一致性規則
- One of / Each of + 複數名詞 + 單數動詞
→ One of my friends is a doctor. - Most of / Some of + 複數名詞 + 複數動詞
→ Some of the students are from Taipei. - Most of / Some of + 不可數名詞 + 單數動詞
→ Most of the information was incorrect.
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