特殊動詞句型: 指揮動作的藝術
精熟授與、連綴、使役、感官動詞, 讓你的英文表達更道地。
四類特殊動詞
本章將聚焦於四類擁有獨特語法結構的特殊動詞: 授與動詞、連綴動詞、以及使役與感官動詞。學會它們的專屬句型, 您的英文表達將更為精確、道地且充滿彈性。
授與動詞 (Dative Verbs): 給予的兩種路徑
又稱「雙賓動詞」, 指的是帶有「給予」意義的動詞, 如 give, send, buy。它們的特色是可以接兩個受詞: 一個是「人 (間接受詞 IO)」, 另一個是「物 (直接受詞 DO)」。
句型 A: 人先物後
S + V + IO (人) + DO (物)
- My dad gave me a bike.
- She showed us her photos.
句型 B: 物先人後
S + V + DO (物) + to/for + IO (人)
- My dad gave a bike to me.
- My mom made a cake for me.
介系詞 to vs. for: to 用於動作本身有「方向性」的動詞 (give, send, show)；for 用於「為了/代表」某人而做的動詞 (buy, make, cook)。
連綴動詞 (Linking Verbs): 連結主詞與狀態
連綴動詞不表達具體動作, 它的功能就像一個「等號 (=)」, 用來連接主詞與後面的主詞補語 (通常是形容詞或名詞)。
常見連綴動詞分類
- Be 動詞: She is beautiful.
- 表示感官的動詞:
- You look tired. (你看起來很累)
- The music sounds beautiful. (聽起來很美)
- The flowers smell sweet. (聞起來很香)
- The soup tastes good. (嚐起來不錯)
- The blanket feels soft. (感覺起來很軟)
- 表示狀態持續或轉變的動詞:
- He seems nervous. (他似乎很緊張)
- She became a doctor. (她成了一位醫生)
語法焦點: 連綴動詞後必須接形容詞, 而非副詞。 (❌ The music sounds wonderfully.)
使役動詞 (Causative Verbs): 指揮他人動作
使役動詞表達「使、讓、叫、要求」某人做某件事。其後的受詞補語可以是原形動詞、不定詞或過去分詞。
| 動詞 | 句型結構 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| make | O + V (原形) | The news made her cry. |
| have | O + V (原形) | I had the mechanic fix my car. |
| let | O + V (原形) | My parents let me stay out late. |
| get | O + to V | I need to get him to sign this. |
| have/get | O(物) + p.p. | I had/got my hair cut yesterday. |
感官動詞 (Sensory Verbs)
感官動詞 (see, watch, hear, listen to, feel, notice) 表達「感覺到」某人正在做或做完了某件事。
| 受詞後動詞形態 | 意義 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| 原形動詞 (V) | 看到/聽到動作的「完整過程」 | I saw him leave the room. |
| 現在分詞 (V-ing) | 看到/聽到動作「正在發生」的瞬間 | I saw him leaving the room. |
| 過去分詞 (p.p.) | 感覺到受詞「被...」 | I heard my name called. |
本章總結與練習
小練習
A. 根據提示改寫句子或填空:
1. He sent a postcard to me. (改為「人先物後」) → ____________________.
2. This new fabric feels very ______. (soft / softly)
3. The movie was so sad it made everyone ______ (cry).
B. 選擇最適當的答案:
4. Could you buy some milk ______ me? (to / for)
5. We watched the sun ______ over the horizon. (rise / rising) (看日出的「全程」)
答案: 1. He sent me a postcard., 2. soft, 3. cry, 4. for, 5. rise
互動測驗：特殊動詞挑戰
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