未來式: 預測與規劃的語法羅盤
精準釐清 will 與 be going to 的細微差別, 自信地航向未來。
will vs. be going to
在英語中, 最常用來表達「未來」概念的有兩種方式：使用助動詞 will 和使用片語 be going to。它們都可以表示未來, 但在用法上有一些細微卻重要的差別。
will: 即時決定與主觀預測
will 是情態助動詞, 其後永遠接原形動詞。它所表達的未來, 通常帶有「不確定性」、「主觀預測」或「當下意願」的色彩。
1. 當下臨時的決定或意願
- (電話響了) A: The phone is ringing. B: Okay, I'll get it!
- A: It's hot in here. B: I'll open the window.
2. 對未來的預測 (基於個人看法)
- I think it will rain tomorrow.
- He will probably be late.
3. 表達承諾或提議
- I will always love you. (承諾)
- That looks heavy. I'll help you with it. (提議)
be going to: 既定計畫與客觀跡象
be going to 所表達的未來更具體、更有計劃性。Be 動詞需隨主詞變化 (is/am/are), 後面接原形動詞。
1. 事先計畫好的意圖或安排
- We are going to travel to Japan next month.
- He is going to start learning French.
2. 基於目前跡象的預測
- Look at those dark clouds! It's going to rain.
- He's driving too fast. He's going to crash!
will vs. be going to 總結
雖然都表示未來, 但它們強調的重點不同。
| 使用時機 | will (臨時意願 / 主觀預測) | be going to (既定計畫 / 客觀預測) |
|---|---|---|
| 決定時機 | 說話當下決定 | 說話前已決定 |
| 預測基礎 | 個人看法/猜測 | 目前跡象/證據 |
本章總結與練習
- will 用於: 當下決定、主觀預測、承諾或提議。
- be going to 用於: 事先計畫、根據明顯跡象所做的預測。
- 核心區別: will 偏向「意願」與「猜測」；be going to 偏向「計畫」與「跡象」。
小練習
A. 選擇 will 或 be going to 的正確形式填空:
1. A: Oh no, I left my wallet at home! B: Don't worry, I _______________ (lend) you some money.
2. Look at those clouds! It _______________ (rain) soon.
3. We _______________ (visit) our grandparents next weekend. We bought the tickets yesterday.
B. 將句子改為否定句:
4. She will call you back. → ______________________.
5. They are going to move. → ______________________.
答案: 1. will lend, 2. is going to rain, 3. are going to visit, 4. She won't (will not) call you back., 5. They aren't (are not) going to move.
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