介系詞: 串聯時空的語法橋樑
掌握 in, on, at 等小詞的用法, 讓你的表達從單字組合躍升為精確溝通。
介系詞的核心功能
介系詞 (Prepositions) 是「關係詞」, 通常被放置在名詞或代名詞的前面, 用以表明這個名詞/代名詞與句子中其他詞語的關係。這個 介系詞 + 受詞 的組合, 我們稱為「介系詞片語」。
語法焦點: 介系詞的受詞
- 名詞: at school, on the table
- 代名詞 (必須用受格): for him, to me
- 動名詞 (-ing): good at swimming
介系詞用法詳解
時間介系詞 (Prepositions of Time)
核心原則: IN (長) > ON (天) > AT (點)
| 介系詞 | 用途 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| in | 較長的時間段 (年/季節/月份) | in 2025, in summer, in July |
| on | 特定的「天」 (星期/日期) | on Sunday, on my birthday |
| at | 精確的「時間點」 | at 8:30 PM, at noon, at night |
| during | 在...期間 | He fell asleep during the movie. |
地方介系詞 (Prepositions of Place)
核心原則: IN (內部/大範圍) > ON (表面) > AT (某個點)
| 介系詞 | 用途 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| in | 在「內部空間」或「較大地理範圍」 | in the box, in Hsinchu, in Taiwan |
| on | 在物體的「表面」上 | on the table, on the wall, on the bus |
| at | 在一個「明確的點」或「特定場所」 | at the bus stop, at home, at 123 Park Road |
其他常用介系詞
| 類別 | 介系詞 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| 方向 | to, from, into, across, through | go to school, walk across the street |
| 位置關係 | under, above, behind, near, between, among | The cat is under the table. |
| 其他功能 | with, without, by, for, about, against | I go with my friends. / This is for you. |
進階概念
A. 片語介系詞 (Phrasal Prepositions)
由兩個或以上的單字組成, 發揮單一介系詞的功能。
- because of (因為): The game was canceled because of the rain.
- in spite of (儘管): In spite of the difficulty, he finished the job.
B. 介系詞搭配 (Collocations)
許多動詞、形容詞、名詞習慣與特定的介系詞搭配, 形成固定的詞組。
- 動詞 + 介系詞: listen to music, wait for the bus
- 形容詞 + 介系詞: good at sports, afraid of spiders
互動測驗：介系詞挑戰
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