附加問句: 為句子加上小尾巴的溝通藝術
掌握附加問句的規則, 讓你的陳述句變為互動的橋樑。
附加問句 (Tag Questions)
附加問句是一個附加在陳述句句尾的簡短問句, 如同句子的影子, 讓生硬的陳述句變為帶有互動性和人情味的溝通橋樑。
構成黃金規則
規則 A: 「正、反」對應原則
前面的陳述句與後面的附加問句, 肯定與否定形式必須相反。
- 肯定 (+), 否定 (-)? → You are a student, aren't you?
- 否定 (-), 肯定 (+)? → She isn't tired, is she?
規則 B: 詳細構成 (助動詞/Be動詞 + 主詞代名詞)
附加問句中的動詞必須和主要子句的動詞「匹配」；主詞永遠使用「人稱代名詞」。
| 主要子句動詞 | 附加問句動詞 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| Be 動詞 | 用 Be 動詞 | It is cold, isn't it? |
| 一般動詞 | 用 do/does/did | You like pizza, don't you? |
| 助動詞/情態動詞 | 用相同助動詞 | He can swim, can't he? |
特殊情況的附加問句
除了基本規則, 附加問句還有一些必須特別記憶的特殊用法。
| 陳述句情況 | 附加問句 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| 主詞是 I am... | aren't I? (固定用法) | I am smart, aren't I? |
| 祈使句 | will you? / won't you? | Open the window, will you? |
| Let's... 開頭 | shall we? (固定用法) | Let's go home, shall we? |
| There is/are... | is/are/was/were + there? | There is a book, isn't there? |
| 主詞為不定代名詞(人) | 代名詞用 they | Everybody is here, aren't they? |
| 主詞為不定代名詞(物) | 代名詞用 it | Something is wrong, isn't it? |
語法陷阱: 隱含的否定詞
若陳述句中有 never, seldom, hardly, little, few, nothing, nobody 等否定詞, 則該句視為否定句, 附加問句需用肯定形式。
→ He seldom smiles, does he?
語調與功能
附加問句的主要功能有二, 而不同的功能會伴隨不同的語調。
確認資訊 (語調上揚 ↗)
當你對某件事不太確定, 真心想向對方提問時。
You haven't seen my keys, have you? ↗
尋求同意 (語調下降 ↘)
當你其實很確定, 只是想邀請對方附和、贊同你的看法時。
It's a beautiful day, isn't it? ↘
本章總結與練習
小練習
請完成下列的附加問句:
1. You have finished your homework, _______________?
2. She didn't know the answer, _______________?
3. Let's take a break, _______________?
4. I'm your best friend, _______________?
5. He hardly ever studies, _______________?
答案: 1. haven't you, 2. did she, 3. shall we, 4. aren't I, 5. does he
互動測驗：附加問句挑戰
準備好挑戰了嗎? 點擊下方按鈕開始測驗!
