除了指代不特定對象外,我們還需要更精確的代名詞來處理「這是誰的?」、「動作由誰親自完成?」、「一群人中的這一個、另一個、剩下的...」等複雜情況。本章將介紹三組功能強大的進階代名詞:所有格代名詞、反身代名詞,以及用來指代群體成員的 one/another/the other(s),讓您的語言表達更流暢、更精準。
第一節:所有格代名詞 (Possessive Pronouns)
所有格代名詞的功能是直接取代「所有格形容詞 + 名詞」,讓句子更簡潔。
核心公式: mine = my + 名詞
所有格形容詞 (+名詞) | 所有格代名詞 (單獨使用) |
---|---|
my | mine (我的東西) |
your | yours (你的/你們的東西) |
his | his (他的東西) |
her | hers (她的東西) |
our | ours (我們的東西) |
their | theirs (他們的/她們的/它們的東西) |
用法比較:
- This is my book. → This book is mine.
- That is your car. → That car is yours.
- Her house is big, but our house is small. → Her house is big, but ours is small.
第二節:反身代名詞 (Reflexive Pronouns)
反身代名詞 (-self / -selves) 指的是「...自己」,有兩種主要功能。
A. 作為受詞 (反身用法)
當動詞的「主詞」與「受詞」是同一個人時,受詞必須使用反身代名詞。
- He hurt himself during the game. (他在比賽中傷到了自己。)
- Please help yourself to some fruit. (請自己拿些水果吃。)
B. 強調主詞「親自;本人」
用於強調動作由主詞本人完成,非必要成分,可置於主詞後或句尾。
- I myself fixed the computer. (我親自修好了電腦。)
- The queen herself attended the party. (女王本人出席了派對。)
by oneself 是常見片語,意為 alone (獨自)。
- He finished the project by himself. (他獨自完成了這個專案。)
第三節:指代群體成員:one, another, the other(s)
這組詞是用來指代群體中不特定的或特定的成員,是考試和寫作中的高頻考點。
代名詞 | 用途說明 | 範例 |
---|---|---|
one | 一個 (不特定):代替前面提過的單數可數名詞。 | I lost my blue pen. I need to buy a new one. |
another | 另一個 (不特定):指同類事物中「任何一個」另外的。 | This cake is delicious. Can I have another? |
the other | (兩者中的) 另一個 (特定) | I have two cats. One is black, and the other is white. |
others | 其他的人/物 (不特定,複數) | Some people agree with the plan, but others don't. |
the others | (群體中) 剩下的全部 (特定,複數) | Ten people were in the room. One left, and the others stayed. |
本章總結與練習
總結:
- 所有格代名詞:直接取代「所有格形容詞 + 名詞」,例如 my book → mine。
- 反身代名詞:表示「...自己」,可作受詞或強調主詞。片語 by oneself 意為「獨自」。
- one, another, the other(s):用於指代群體成員,需注意其不特定或特定、單數或複數的區別。
小練習:
A. 填入最適當的代名詞:
1. This is my phone. Is that phone ______ (you)?
2. The little girl dressed ______ (she) for the party.
3. Some students like math, but ______ prefer English.
4. I have two brothers. One is a doctor, and ______ is a teacher.
5. He finished the entire project all ______ (he).
答案:
A. 1. yours, 2. herself, 3. others, 4. the other, 5. himself
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