本附錄整理了常用動詞的三態變化,並根據其變化規律分為四類,方便學習與記憶。
一、AAA型(三態同形)
此類動詞的原形、過去式與過去分詞形態均相同。
| 原形 (V) | 中文 | 過去式 (V-ed) | 過去分詞 (V-pp) |
|---|---|---|---|
| cost | 花費 | cost | cost |
| cut | 切割 | cut | cut |
| fit | 合身 | fit | fit |
| hit | 碰撞 | hit | hit |
| hurt | 傷害 | hurt | hurt |
| let | 讓 | let | let |
| put | 放置 | put | put |
| quit | 放棄 | quit | quit |
| read | 閱讀 | read | read |
| set | 擺放 | set | set |
| shut | 關閉 | shut | shut |
| spread | 傳開 | spread | spread |
二、ABA型(原形與過去分詞同形)
此類動詞的過去分詞與原形動詞形態相同。
| 原形 (V) | 中文 | 過去式 (V-ed) | 過去分詞 (V-pp) |
|---|---|---|---|
| become | 變成 | became | become |
| come | 來 | came | come |
| run | 跑步 | ran | run |
三、ABB型(過去式與過去分詞同形)
此類動詞的過去式與過去分詞形態相同。
| 原形 (V) | 中文 | 過去式 (V-ed) | 過去分詞 (V-pp) |
|---|---|---|---|
| bend | 彎曲 | bent | bent |
| bring | 帶來 | brought | brought |
| build | 建築;建造 | built | built |
| burn | 燃燒;燒焦 | burnt | burnt |
| buy | 買 | bought | bought |
| catch | 抓到;接到 | caught | caught |
| deal | 處理 | dealt | dealt |
| dig | 挖 | dug | dug |
| dive | 潛水 | dove | dove |
| feed | 餵 | fed | fed |
| feel | 感覺 | felt | felt |
| fight | 打仗;打架 | fought | fought |
| find | 找到 | found | found |
| get | 得到 | got | got |
| hang | 懸掛 | hung | hung |
| hang | 吊死 | hanged | hanged |
| have | 有;吃 | had | had |
| hear | 聽到 | heard | heard |
| hold | 抓住;保持 | held | held |
| keep | 保持;保有 | kept | kept |
| lead | 帶領;領導 | led | led |
| leave | 留下;離開 | left | left |
| lend | 借出 | lent | lent |
| light | 點燃 | lit | lit |
| lose | 輸;失去;迷路 | lost | lost |
| make | 製造;做 | made | made |
| mean | 意指 | meant | meant |
| meet | 遇見 | met | met |
| pay | 付費 | paid | paid |
| say | 說 | said | said |
| sell | 賣 | sold | sold |
| send | 寄 | sent | sent |
| shine | 照耀;閃光 | shone | shone |
| shoot | 投射;開槍 | shot | shot |
| sit | 坐 | sat | sat |
| sleep | 睡覺 | slept | slept |
| smell | 聞 | smelt | smelt |
| spell | 拼字 | spelt | spelt |
| spend | 花費;花時間 | spent | spent |
| stand | 起立 | stood | stood |
| stick | 黏 | stuck | stuck |
| sweep | 清掃 | swept | swept |
| teach | 教導 | taught | taught |
| tell | 說;告訴 | told | told |
| think | 思考;想 | thought | thought |
| understand | 了解 | understood | understood |
| win | 贏 | won | won |
四、ABC型(三態均不同)
此類動詞的原形、過去式與過去分詞形態均不相同。
| 原形 (V) | 中文 | 過去式 (V-ed) | 過去分詞 (V-pp) |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | 是 | was/were | been |
| bear | 生 | bore | born |
| beat | 打;打敗 | beat | beaten |
| begin | 開始 | began | begun |
| bite | 咬 | bit | bitten |
| blow | 吹 | blew | blown |
| break | 弄斷;弄壞 | broke | broken |
| choose | 選擇 | chose | chosen |
| do | 做 | did | done |
| draw | 畫;繪製 | drew | drawn |
| drink | 喝 | drank | drunk |
| drive | 開車 | drove | driven |
| eat | 吃 | ate | eaten |
| fall | 掉落 | fell | fallen |
| fly | 飛 | flew | flown |
| forget | 忘記 | forgot | forgot/forgotten |
| forgive | 原諒 | forgave | forgiven |
| freeze | 凝固;結冰 | froze | frozen |
| get | 獲得 | got | got/gotten |
| give | 給 | gave | given |
| go | 去 | went | gone |
| grow | 成長;種植 | grew | grown |
| hide | 躲藏 | hid | hidden |
| know | 知道;認識 | knew | known |
| lie | 躺著 | lay | lain |
| ride | 騎乘 | rode | ridden |
| ring | 鈴響 | rang | rung |
| rise | 起立 | rose | risen |
| see | 看到 | saw | seen |
| shake | 搖;顫抖 | shook | shaken |
| show | 展示 | showed | shown |
| sing | 唱歌 | sang | sung |
| speak | 說;講 | spoke | spoken |
| steal | 偷 | stole | stolen |
| swim | 游泳 | swam | swum |
| take | 帶(往) | took | taken |
| throw | 投擲 | threw | thrown |
| wake | 醒來 | woke | woken |
| wear | 穿戴 | wore | worn |
| write | 寫 | wrote | written |