附錄 C:動詞三態變化

附錄 C:動詞三態變化 - 常用動詞變化規律整理

本附錄整理了常用動詞的三態變化,並根據其變化規律分為四類,方便學習與記憶。

一、AAA型(三態同形)

此類動詞的原形、過去式與過去分詞形態均相同

原形 (V) 中文 過去式 (V-ed) 過去分詞 (V-pp)
cost 花費 cost cost
cut 切割 cut cut
fit 合身 fit fit
hit 碰撞 hit hit
hurt 傷害 hurt hurt
let let let
put 放置 put put
quit 放棄 quit quit
read 閱讀 read read
set 擺放 set set
shut 關閉 shut shut
spread 傳開 spread spread

二、ABA型(原形與過去分詞同形)

此類動詞的過去分詞與原形動詞形態相同

原形 (V) 中文 過去式 (V-ed) 過去分詞 (V-pp)
become 變成 became become
come came come
run 跑步 ran run

三、ABB型(過去式與過去分詞同形)

此類動詞的過去式與過去分詞形態相同

原形 (V) 中文 過去式 (V-ed) 過去分詞 (V-pp)
bend 彎曲 bent bent
bring 帶來 brought brought
build 建築;建造 built built
burn 燃燒;燒焦 burnt burnt
buy bought bought
catch 抓到;接到 caught caught
deal 處理 dealt dealt
dig dug dug
dive 潛水 dove dove
feed fed fed
feel 感覺 felt felt
fight 打仗;打架 fought fought
find 找到 found found
get 得到 got got
hang 懸掛 hung hung
hang 吊死 hanged hanged
have 有;吃 had had
hear 聽到 heard heard
hold 抓住;保持 held held
keep 保持;保有 kept kept
lead 帶領;領導 led led
leave 留下;離開 left left
lend 借出 lent lent
light 點燃 lit lit
lose 輸;失去;迷路 lost lost
make 製造;做 made made
mean 意指 meant meant
meet 遇見 met met
pay 付費 paid paid
say said said
sell sold sold
send sent sent
shine 照耀;閃光 shone shone
shoot 投射;開槍 shot shot
sit sat sat
sleep 睡覺 slept slept
smell smelt smelt
spell 拼字 spelt spelt
spend 花費;花時間 spent spent
stand 起立 stood stood
stick stuck stuck
sweep 清掃 swept swept
teach 教導 taught taught
tell 說;告訴 told told
think 思考;想 thought thought
understand 了解 understood understood
win won won

四、ABC型(三態均不同)

此類動詞的原形、過去式與過去分詞形態均不相同

原形 (V) 中文 過去式 (V-ed) 過去分詞 (V-pp)
be was/were been
bear bore born
beat 打;打敗 beat beaten
begin 開始 began begun
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break 弄斷;弄壞 broke broken
choose 選擇 chose chosen
do did done
draw 畫;繪製 drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive 開車 drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall 掉落 fell fallen
fly flew flown
forget 忘記 forgot forgot/forgotten
forgive 原諒 forgave forgiven
freeze 凝固;結冰 froze frozen
get 獲得 got got/gotten
give gave given
go went gone
grow 成長;種植 grew grown
hide 躲藏 hid hidden
know 知道;認識 knew known
lie 躺著 lay lain
ride 騎乘 rode ridden
ring 鈴響 rang rung
rise 起立 rose risen
see 看到 saw seen
shake 搖;顫抖 shook shaken
show 展示 showed shown
sing 唱歌 sang sung
speak 說;講 spoke spoken
steal stole stolen
swim 游泳 swam swum
take 帶(往) took taken
throw 投擲 threw thrown
wake 醒來 woke woken
wear 穿戴 wore worn
write wrote written